Tabulating machine



Oct. 6', 1936. F. M. CARROLL ET AL TABULATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 28,1931 10 Sheets- Sheet 1 Oct. 6, 1936. F. M. CARROLL ET AL. 2,056,389

TABULATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 28, 1931 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 Wily- V mm.

.7 mm'wm 1936- F. M. CARROLL ET AL 2,056,389

TABULATING MACHINE Oct. 6, 1936. CARROLL ET AL 2,056,389

TABULAT ING MACHINE Filed Feb. 28, 1931 10 SheetsSheet 4 Oct. 6, 1936. vCARROLL ET AL 2,056,389-

TABULATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 28, 1931 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 193 F. M.CARROLL ET AL 2,056, 89

v TABULATIN FIG.10.

Oct. 6, 1936. FfM. CARROLL ET AL 2,056,389

TAiBULATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 28, 1931 10 Sheets-Shee 8 CF-IO 3513Qua/nea Oct. 6, 1936. F. M. CARROLL'ET AL- TABULATING MACHINE 10Shets-Sheet 10 Filed Feb. 28, 1951 'INVENTOR 724% f MMXM FIGJSb.

BY )JATTORNEY Patented Oct. 6, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICETABULATING momma New York Application February 28, 1931, Serial No.519,003

12. Claims.

This invention concerns accounting machines and more particularly suchmachines on which items may be subtracted as well as added.

While not limited to such an application the invention has been found tobe particularly useful in machines of the printing tabulator type suchas that shown in the Carroll Patent 1,750,459 and it will be describedin connection with such a machine for illustrative purposes only.

Printing tabulators are controlled in their adding and printingfunctions by perforated record cards on which data are designated bydiflerential locations of perforations in the cards. The record cardsare divided into columns and, in the case of numerical data, each columnmay be properly punched to represent any figure and a plurality ofcolumns may be chosen for recording items consisting of a plurality ofdenominational orders. Also different groups of columns may be selectedfor the recording of different classifications of data. For example, inthe embodiment shown a certain group of columns-or a card field mayordinarily be punched with perforations to represent a debit item and byanother special, but differently located perforation, the perforationsin, the same card field may represent a credit The machine described inthe above mentioned patent is a tabulator of high adding and printingspeed-in that it makes use of a rotary printer and is of greatflexibility of operation in that each adding unit is a self containedoperative entity which may be associated at will with any other unit forconjoint operation in tabulating items running into several figures andmay be selectively connected with the analyzing mechanism to add thefigures designated in'any card column.

The same flexibility of operation also exists in the printing devicesand each of these may likewise be connected to the analyzing mechanismto print items from any card columns independ ently of any adding unit,or to any adding unit to print a total accumulated'thereon. The presentinvention contemplates retaining all these features in respect to theadding or printing functions of the machine and, in addition, providinga subtracting mechanism in which similar advantages in speed andflexibility of operation reside.

The principal object of the invention is to provide an automaticsubtracting mechanism for accounting machines which effects subtraction,preferably by the complemental process, by a new and novel arrangementand operation of its elements.

A further object of the invention. is to provide a new arrangement ofsubtracting mechanism to take care of positive and negative balances.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an adding and asubtracting mechanism which includes a debit balance totalizer oraccumulator and a credit balance accumulator or totalizer and arrangedto enter the natural or direct number in the selected totalizer and thetens complement of the natural or direct number in the other totalizerwithout the use of the usual translator.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a new and improvedarrangement of selecting mechanism whereby the natural or direct numbersand the tens complements of the natwin or direct numbers are selectivelyentered in the appropriate totalizers.

A still further object of the invention consists in the provision of animproved arrangement whereby either a debit or a credit balance may beautomatically and selectively printed upon the record sheet.

A still further object of the invention consists in the provision ofmeans for conditioning the machine in order that either a debit orcredit balance may be selectively obtained and the balance retained onthe totalizers or the totalizers cleared for further entries when abalance has proved arrangement of switch bars which selectively-connectthe adding and subtracting units for the accumulating or subtractingfunction or for obtaining balances thereof, and the relativelyimportantfeature of automatically taking care 10 tens complement'thereofinto another balance ,1 operations.

totalizer. The selection of the debit or credit balance totalizer isautomatically effected by special designating perforations, the addingentry being efiected in the manner of usual tabulating The subtractionis accomplished by the complemental process, the control devices beingarranged to commence the entry in the subtracting totalizer at thecommencement of the cycle and thereafter terminate it at diiferential 20times, such times being when the entry operation in the totalizerreceiving the natural number begins. By having the timeat which theperforations are sensed the dividing line between the termination of theentry in one totalizer and the 25 beginning of the entry in the othertotalizer it will be observed that the nines complement entry will beeffected in the totalizer not characterized by the type of entry, debitor credit.

The control devices are automatically switched 30 into operation withoutattention of the operator to alternately efiect the debit and creditentries as the cards are fed.

To take care of. the fugitive unit, the control device which initiatesthe entry operation in the 35 units order is eflective a point earlierthan for the 40 negative on the other.

remaining orders thus providing the entry of the tens complement in thisorder.

At the termination of entry operations the result will be positive onone balance totalizer and As the printing mechanism embodied in themachine is adapted to print the result standing on the totalizers themachine includes an automatic switching mechanism which selects thebalance totalizer which is of interest 45 or positive in result, for abalance printing operation.

The balance result on the totalizer representing the positive amount isread out to control printing mechanism, further provision being provided50 to secure a balance either as a sub-total or grand- 55 ployed forsuch operations.

total, the latter including the clearing operation for both balancetotalizers.

If the character of the result is known in advance, a single balancetotalizer only need be em- However, where the items are enteredpromiscuously and their relative magnitude unknown both a debit and acredit balance totalizer are required, the present machine havingprovisions for selecting the neo- 60 essaryone to print only the balancewhich is of interest.

Certain of the features disclosed in the present application are alsodisclosed and claimed in the copending application of J. W. Bryce,Serial No. 119,803, filed July 1, 1926, now Patent No. 1,950,475, datedMarch 13, 1934. r

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanyingdrawings in which the same reference numerals designate the same partsthroughout the several views, and in which Fig. l is a diagrammaticarrangement of the 'entire machine assembly, the casing and supportingstructures being omitted for the sake of clearness.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view through the accumulating and printingmechanism along the line 2-2 of Fig. l. I

Fig. 3 is a view in side elevation of one of the accumulating units. 1

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the shown in Fig. 3.

' Fig. 5 is an enlarged plan view of the front part of the accumulatingunit. I

Fig. 6 is a view in side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 5.

Figs. 7 and 8 are views in side elevation of certain detached partsassociated with-the transfer mechanism.

Fig. 9 is a view in side elevation of certain parts employed for closingthe total contacts.

Fig. 10 is an end view of parts of several accumulating unitsillustrating how transfer crossovers are efi'ected.

Fig. 11 is a view partly in section showing the mechanism for rockingthe printer control shaft.

Fig. 12 is a view in side elevation of the debit and credit switch barselecting unit.

accumulating unit Fig. 13 is an end view taken on the line l3-l3 of Fig.12.

Fig. 14 is a plan view partly in section of the contact closingmechanism of the debit and credit switch bar selecting unit.

Figs. 15, 15a and 15b taken together show a complete circuit diagram ofthe machine.

Fig; 16 is an illustrative example of entries effected in the debit andcredit balance totalizers or accumulators, the printing of such entriesand the desired'balance.

A general idea of the operation of the machine in which the preferredembodiment of the invention is incorporated may be best obtained byreference to Fig. 1 which, although schematic in form, shows theessential elements for a completely operative machine.

The motive power for driving the machine is furnished by an electricmotor 5!! which drives all the operating shafts through suitable geartrains. The tabulator shaft 5| is operatively connected to theaccumulator units 52 and is driven through a gear train 50a and pulley53 by the motor. The printing drum 54 and platen 55, together with thenecessary paper feed mechanism (not shown) are driven through a geartrain indicated generally at 56, and an extension of this train operatesthe shafts 51 and 58 on which are mounted the rotatable parts of theautomatic timers indicated at 59, 60' and (ii. The motor, throughanother branch of the gear train 56a, constantly rotates a shaft 62 onwhich are rigidly fastened the cams of the regular cam contacts 53 andthe cams of the switch bar controlling jacks 64, 64a, 65,66, H l2 and13. The regular cam contacts associated with cams 63 are of the typeusually adopted in machines of this type, some being illustratedtypically as R contacts in Fig. 15, and consist of spring contactsopened and closed by their associated cams at predetermined points inevery machine cycle.

Each of the jacks 64 to 66 and II to I3 consists of a cam for depressinga rod during machine operation which, through a suitable bell crank,shifts a switch bar carrying a plurality of control contacts into andout of circuit closing position. The jack 65, which is shown partly insection, has a cam 14 which in the home or D position of the machinedepresses a rod 15, rocking a bell crank 16 against the action of itsbiasingspring 18 and holding the listing switch bar 11 to the left,whichis its open circuit position. When the machine is in operation thelow portion of the cam 14 per- 2,050,889 mits the rod 15 to rise at theproper times and the spring I8 rocks its bell crank counterclockwise andshifts the bar 11 to the right into closed circuit position.

The bar 11, which is the listing switch bar, is

operated in every machine cycle in which there is no totalling, and ispermitted to remain in circuit closing position during that portion ofthe machine cyclein which the analyzing brushes are searching the entireactive index point area of the controlling card. During the cycle inwhich the listing bar is inactive a locking magnet holds the operatingrod 15 depressed so that the cam is ineffective. r

The remaining jacks are similar to jack 65 in that they have a cam fordepressing a rod to shift a switch bar. During the cycles in which theyare inactive a locking magnet holds their operating rod depressed sothat the cams are ineffective. The jack 66 through its rod BI and bellcrank 82 controls the adding switch bar 360 which is biased to opencircuit position by the spring 84. The operation of the debit and creditswitch bars 281 and 301 by the jacks 64 and 64a, and that of the debitand credit balance printing switch bars 351 and 358 and a total andreset switch bar 500 by their jacks I3, H and I2 respectively issubstantially similar to that of the listing switch bar ll. The switchbars and controlling devices are briefly outlined here as they are fullyshown and described in the Carroll Patent 1,750,459.

The constantly rotating shaft 52 has also fixed thereon the cam of ashifting mechanism 95 which through a link 95 serves to rock a totalprint control shaft to select total printing operations with or withoutreset of the accumulating units.

The card feed mechanism indicated generally at I is of the type usuallyemployed in machines of this character and needs no detaileddescription. It is driven from the shaft 62 through a gear train Hit,the last gear of the train being connected to the card feed shaft I03through a one revolution clutch I02. The card feed cams I04, whosefunction is to control the opening and closing of control contactsduring card feeding cycles, are fixed to the card feed shaft 103.

The mechanical and electrical details of the several new elements of themachine will first be described and then the complete operation of themachine explained in connection with the circuit diagram.

The operation and structural details of the accumulating and subtractingmechanism may be clearly understood from Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 6 of thedrawings. This mechanism is divided into self-contained replaceableunits designated here as accumulator units, each corresponding to asingle denominational order and each containing its own differentialmechanism and a pair of controlling magnets. The view in Fig. 2 shows acomplete unit (as at 52 in Fig. 1) inserted in place in the machineframe, the latter being shown in section to give an unobstructed view ofthe accumulator unit illustrated.

Each unit 52 is mounted on an individual base plate I05 (Fig. 2) adaptedto he slid into grooves I06 in the machine frame I08 and held in placeby any suitable locking mechanism. The baseplate of the unit has aplurality of contact blocks I09 mounted at its upper part carryingcontact springs which engage cooperating spring contacts on a contactcarrying block IIO permanently mounted in the frame I08. Thisconstruction permits placing of the unit in its groove to automaticallymake the proper electrical connections ment III secured to gear III.

to the machine circuits. The placing of the unit in the frame alsoinsures proper operative driving connections with the tabulating shaftthrough mechanism which will now be described.

- The tabulating shaft 5I, shown in Fig. 1, is constantly rotated by themotor 50 as long as the latter is in operation and is driven by asuitable gear train such as 50a in Fig. 2.

The shaft 5I as stated, is common to a series of accumulator units(Figs. 2, 3 and 5) and through a gear H3 (0! which there is one for eachunit and secured to shaft 5I) drives, through! an intermediate gear II2,one element of a clutch ele- The gear H2 is pivoted on a stud I I4secured to the base plate of the accumulator unit and has securedthereto certain earns the function of which will be pointed outhereinafter.

The gear III is loosely mounted upon a sleeve II5 carried by a studsecured to the base plate and the central hole 93 (Fig. 6) of the gearIII is slightly larger than the diameter of the supporting sleeve II5 sothat the gear III may be turned at an angle, the pivot point being atthe intermeshing teeth of gears III and H2. At such point ofintersection a slot in a bracket I I6 secured to the base plate confinesthe gears so that they constantlyintermesh to permit the diametricallyopposite end of gear Ii! to be rocked so that the clutch teeth ofelement 5 I I secured to the constantly rotating gear Hi may be shiftedto engage the teeth of a companion clutch element I I8 to drive thelatter a distance commensurate with that represented by the value of theindex point on the card in adding operation, and the nines complement inthe case of substracting operations.

For the purpose of selectively engaging elements I I1 and I I 8 there isprovided the following mechanism. A stud shaft H9 is carried by ears ofa bracket I20 secured tothe plate I05 and mounted on the stud I I9 is ayoke-shaped framecornprising a cross piece I2I (Figs. 5 and 6) and twoside portions I22 and I23, reference numeral I2I hereafter designatingthe yoke. Each is apertured as shown in Fig. 5, in the case with sideportion I23. to provide a gear receiving slot I24 so that when the yokeis released for movement by a spring I25 (Fig. 5) the spring I25 willturn the yoke counterclockwise to shift gear III at an angle and thusengage clutch elements II! and H8. The engag ing teeth are fully engagedat the right side when the-clutch is effective (Fig. 5) and the extentof engagement diminishes towards the left, due to the angulardisposition of the gear I I I, but a sufficient driving engagement isalways insured to drive element II8 the required amount.

For effecting a driving connection between clutch elements I I1 and H8at differential times during the adding cycle a control device includingan accumulator magnet I26 is provided.

When this magnet is energized it attracts an rendered effective toeffect a transfer. At the ed to strike a guided block I34 secured to arod I35 the extremity of which engages an extension I36 (Fig. 5)integral with the yoke I2I. The cam I32, I33 has a timed relation withthe card feeding mechanism in order that the cam lobe I32 restores theyoke I 2|, to a position where the arm I 30 is relatched by the armatureat the termination of the adding cycle. After the entry operation theclutch device may again be termination of such operation the lobe I33striking the block I34 will again effect the required v disconnection ofthe clutch elements.

The accumulating element or wheel I3I is normally locked by a lug or anextension I31 (Fig. 3) of a plate I38 (Fig. 6) which is mounted on studH9 and urged by a spring I39 so that lug I31 normally engages one of theinterdental spaces I80 of the wheel I3I. When the clutch connection iseffected a transverse lug MI of plate I38 overlying the side portion I23of the yoke causes the plate I38 to be shifted as the yoke I2i isshifted so that the lug I31 is positioned to release the wheel ISI foroperation. When the clutch connection is ineffective the lug I31 againlocks the wheel in its position of adjustment.

The machine parts move synchronously with the feed of the record cardspast the analyzing brushes; thus. shaft 5| rotates the gear III at sucha speed that the latter moves a distance equal to the width of a toothspace while the analyzing brushes are covering a distance equal to thespacing between the centers of adjacent index points. The clutch engageswhen or shortly after a perforation is engaged by an analyzing brush andthe lobe I32 (Fig. 6) is so positioned as to disengage the clutch as theanalyzing brush is passing the zero index position of the card. Thewheel I3I, then, rotates through a number of tooth spaces equal to thenumeral representation of the perforation in the card. Thus if there isa perforation in the six index point position the clutch will engagewhen the analyzing brush encounters. the six index point and will bedisengaged, after moving the wheel I3I through six tooth spaces.. Whenthe brush encounters a perforation at the zero index position the magnetI26 will be energized and the clutch element III shifted. The lobe I32,however, will immediately shift it back to normal position before theclutch teeth have a chance to actively engage. Thus, there will beno-movement of thekaccumulating element in response to a perforationinthe zero position.

. will correspond to the sum of the numerals rep- During tabulatingoperations the movements of the accumulating element are cumulative forsuccessive cards and at the end of a group of cards the position of theaccumulating element resented on the different cards, and in other wordsthe position of an accumulating element may represent a single item orthe sum of a plurality of items.

- It may be noted that the clutch teeth III and H8 are shaped so thatextreme accuracy of adjustment of the clutch elements is unnecessary.Each toothconsists of a surface normal to the face of the member onwhich it is formed joined by a sloping surface. The clutch members arenot actively engaged until the normal surfaces of opposing teeth are incontact and the energization of the controlmagnet may be timed almost afull tooth space or index point ahead of the time of active engagementof the clutch members.

It is essential that the starting position of the various elements bepreserved until an accumulator unit 52 is fully inserted in the machine.

Certain of theelements such as restoring cams,

etc. have definite starting points andare established by theregistration of a 0 mark on the gear H2 (Fig. 6) with 9. lug 91 of adouble arm 98 pivoted on plate I05. A spring 99 retains the gear H2 andassociated driving train in locked position but when the unit isinserted in the machine the coaction of a fixed bar I 00 with a tail ofthe arm shifts the arm 98 and retains it in such position that thedriving elements may be freely rotated. Withdrawal of the unit permitsspring 99 to be effective to shift arm 98 and lock the gear 2, retainingthe initial starting position of the driving elements.

a Transfer mechanism plied to the machine, as will now be described,.

and has been found to be extremely appropriate to the high speed servicerequired.

Transferring is required whenever an accumulating element or Wheel, inaccumulating successive items, passes through zero, as in'this case itis necessary to enter one unit in the accumulating element of the nexthigher denominational order. The necessity for this operation may ariseunder two different sets of conditions; first, when the accumulatingelement into which the 'carried unit is entered stands in any except thenine position and second, when this accumulating element stands, in thenine position. In the first case the entry of the unit in theaccumulating element of the next higher order ends the transfer. If thisaccumulating element stands in the nine position, however, the entry ofthe carried unit will in itself cause it to move to zero position and itis then necessary to enter a unit in the accumulating element of thenext higher order. The latter case involves at least three accumulatingelements in the transfer operation. In the electrical transfer systemthe extra unit, which is carried from one accumulating element to thenext, is not entered as soon as the element of the lower order passesthrough zero, but all transferring operations necessitated during amachine cycle are carried out simultaneously on all elements involvedduring the latter part of the cycle after the analyzing brushes havecleared the active index point area of the controlling card. Eachaccumulating element which passes through zero during a cycle preparesan electric circuit to the accumuaccumulating element which stands inthe nine 1 position. It will therefore not be energized in the absenceof a carrying operation tothe accumulating element which stands inthenine position.

The prepared circuits are energized'with a single pulse of currentduring the latter portion of the cycle, energizing the properaccumulator control magnets and causing the simultaneous carrying ofaunit to all the accumulating elements involved in this phase ofthe'transfer operation.

" The electrical transfer circuit arrangement maybe understood from Fig.15b in which is illustrated, by way of example,three accumulator unitscomprising the credit balance accumulator and the connections wherebythey are arranged for transferring from the lower order (unit 1) to theserially adjacent higher orders (units 2 and 3). Each accumulator unitis provided with a controlling magnet and two pairs of transfer contacts, the controlling magnets being designated by I26 and the transfercontacts of a unit, I43 and I44, respectively. Mechanism which willzbedescribed later causes contacts I43 to be set for closure when theaccumulating element passes .through zero and the closure is actuallyeffected at the latter part of the cycle. Contacts I44 are set forclosure if the'accumulating element comes to rest in the 9" position atthe end of the entry operation and closed at transfer time. Thecorresponding contacts of units 2 and 3 will be closed under likecircumstances in connection with these units. The contacts I43 of unit 1are connected by a wire I45 and a unit interconnecting switch I46 andthence by wire I41 to themagnet I26 of unit 2. Similar connections areprovided between units 2 and 3, et seq. Closure of contacts I43 of eachunit will extend the circuit of the magnet I26 of the next higher orderto a common energizing line I48 over which a single impulse of currentis sent under control of a cam contact CFI (Fig. 15) during that portionof the cycle in which closure of contacts I43 and I44 are mainv tained.It maybe assumed, by wayof example that during a certain cycle theaccumulating element 7 of unit 1 passes through zero, making itnecessary to carry one unit to unit 2, and, incidentally closingcontacts I43 of unit 1, and the accumulating element of unit 2 stands atnine making it necessary to carry one unit to unit 3 in thetransferringoperation and incidentally closing the contacts I44 of unit 2. g j 'Whenthe cam contacts CFI close, a circuit will be momentarily completedthrough the magnet I26 of unit 2 across contacts I43 of unit 1 thuscarrying the extra unit to unit 2 and the magnet I26 of unit 3 will bemomentarily energized through the contacts I43 of unit 1 and contactsI44 of unit 2 thus carrying the extra unit to unit 3. The transfercontacts of the remaining units are wired in a similar manner and atransferring operation may involve any number of them and will beidentical to that just explained. All the contacts I43 of each seriesare connected in parallel to the energizing line and a transferringoperation may be initiated on any unit. Furthermore, the closure of thecontacts I44 has no effect upon the other'contacts I43 of the next lowerdenominational order and are also closed during the same cycle. In otherwords, there will be no carrying from an accumulator unit whoseaccumulating element stands at nine at the end of a cycle unless theaccumulating element of the next lower denominational order passesthrough zero during the same cycle.

The mechanical devices for properly closing the 'transfer contacts willbe explained in connection 9" position engages one arm I53 of a bellcrank the lower arm I54 of which abuts a push rod I55 to bring thecontacts I44 closer to each other, but without effecting an electricalcontact between the points thereof. Later in the cycle at transfer timean insulating bridge bar I56 correlated with the two pairs of contactsI43 and I44 is shifted by devices to be explained hereinafter, and ifthe accumulating element is at the 9" position the contact springshifted by the bar I56 will cause the related contact to engage thecontact point carried by the blade which is held in shifted position bythe push rod I55.-

If the cam I5I passes beyond the "9 position the contacts I44 will notbe closed when bar I56 is shifted.

' For the purpose of shifting one of the contacts I43 when theaccumulating element passes through zero the same cam I5I is employed.When thecam passes a step beyond the position she in Fig. '7 to the Fig.8 position, one ,of the pro ecting ends will engage a downward extensionI51 of one arm of a bell crank I56. The vertical arm I59 of bell crankI56 abuts a related push rod I60 so as to shift the correlated contactblade of contacts I43. As the accumulating element sometimes passesthrough the zero position it is.

necessary to hold the blade shifted. To this end a spring urged latchmember. -I6I engages a bent portion I62 of the vertical arm I53.Thereafter, at the proper point in the cycle, bar I56 shifts thecorrelated blade of contacts I43 to effect a closure of the same.

' From the normal position of the parts shown in Fig. 3 it will beobserved that the extension I5'I of arm I56 is just ahead of theextension of arm I53 so that the cam point I52 engages them insuccession to shift contacts I44 at the "9 position and contacts I43 atthe "0 position. Cam I5I is of double formation with the projecting camextensions at a distance of ten units apart.

-,-For the purpose of restoring the bell crank I58, a lobe I63 of a camelement engages the edge I64 of the latch member I6I shifting the sameand thus releasing the bell crank. The latter ele-v ment is shifted toits home position by the inherent resiliency of the spring blade shiftedby the rod'I66 and is assisted by a coil spring I65 (Figs. 3 and 4)While contacts I44 or I43 may be so arranged to be immediately closed itis preferred to close them later by the bar I56 to avoid mis-operationsin adding occasioned by objectionable back circuits. The setting ofthese contacts for subsequentl 5cllosure is, however, under control ofthe cam The bar I56 is shifted by the following mechanism operated atthe time cam transfer contacts I11 terminating in a wire extension I18.The de-' GFI (Fig. 15) close. Rotatable with the gear II 2 is a profilecam I66 (Fig. 6) which is adapted to en age'a roller I61 carried by onearm of a bell crank I68. The vertical arm I69 (see Fig. 3) of the bellcrank, when shifted in turn, shifts an abutting push'rod I 10 to rock abail shaped frame 'I1I carrying the aforesaid insulating cross bar I56.Restoration of the bail "I and actuating parts is effected by-theresiliency of the contact blades and is assisted by a coil spring I12(Fig. 4).

The energization of-the accumulator magnet I26'under control of thetransfer contacts as explained in connection with Fig. 15a causesshifting of the yoke I2I to cause engagement of the clutch teeth 1 andH8 and. the wheel I 3I thereupon rotates an angular distance of onetooth space or point, the clutch-being thereafter disengaged by the camlobe I33 (Fig. 6) abutting the push rod I35 to shift the yoke I2I torelatched position. 1

There has been referred to in connection with the diagram in Fig. 15a aseries of transfer switches I46 which interconnect the series ofdenominational accumulator, units. Actually such devices comprise theembodiment shown in- Fig. 10. Mounted at the end of each base plate I05is an insulating block l15. The block I15 carries a stud I16 coiledaround which is a coil spring sired wiring connections are made such aswire I45 to the looped end I19 of the coil spring and wire I41 to a studI80. By permitting the wire extension I18 to engage the stud I80 of aunit of higher denominational order a transfer interconnection betweenadjacent units may be made. By retaining the wire as shown in connectionwith the left unit illustrated in Fig. 10 the units may be split asdesired. The above facilitates interconnections of the successive unitsand eliminates the necessity of plug board connection and relatedinstrumentalities.

Printing describe thedetails of construction reference to a cam surfaceI89 concentric such patents may be had for a more detailed descriptionof construction and operation.

The operation of the printing mechanism will be described herein onlygenerally and only those parts that have an intimate correlation withthe present invention. The printing drum 54 carries a plurality ofcircumferential type I (Fig. 2) mounted on pivoted carriers I86.Ordinarily one row is provided for each column of the controlling cardsand each row contains a type for printing each character which may berepresented by the index points in the card columns.

. A locking cam I81 is'provided for each type carrier to hold itpositively against rotation about its pivot except when it is inprinting position. These cams consist of partially cylindrical membersor'disks I 81 each provided with a, notch I88. They are rotated insynchronism with the drum by gear trains (not shown) so that each cammakes one revolution for each revolution of the drum so that the notchwill release the type carrier for possible printing operations wheneverit reaches printing position. Each type carrier has of the cam disk I81when the carrier is in normal inoperative position. During that portionof the cycle when the carrier is out of nrinting powith the peripherytype is controlled bya printer magnet I9I (Figs.

2 and 15a) having an armature I92 provided with an extension abutting acall rod I93 which, in turn, abuts one arm of a leverv I94 and rocks itcounterclockwise against the action of a compression spring I95 when thearmature is attracted by the magnet. The lever a printing operationengages and holds the end of lever I91 biased for clockwise rotation bya compression spring I96. The lever I98 integral with lever I91, as morefully explained and shown in the previously mentioned patents carrieS adog I99 so arranged that when the parts are in normal non-printingoperation the dog rests against the tip of lever 200 which carries atits wardly, rocks the lever 200 and forces the hooked end 20I into thepath of the tail projection 202 of the type carrier by which printing isto be effected. During the rotation of the drum the impact causes thecarrier to turn about its pivot and force the type against the platenI90.

As more fully explained in the patents referred to, at the terminationof a printing operation the parts are automatically restored to theposition shown in Fig. 2 in readiness for a subsequent printingoperation.

Referring toFig. 2 it will be noted that several printer magnets I 9Ihave been shown in dotted lines. Each of these controls a row of type inings the first printer magnet I9I to the right is wired to control thelisting of items analyzed by the units analyzing brush 288. The listingcircuit extends from this analyzing brush through wire 208 to socket209. Through connections to be later described, a differentially timedelectrical impulse sent through a jumper connection 2I8 to a lower fixedblade is imparted through the movable blade of the switch bar 11, wire 2I2 to printer magnet I9I. This is part of the circuit through which theprinter magnet gets its current impulse for controlling listing.

The drum 54 rotates in synchronism with the feed of the record cardspast the analyzing brushes so that each type reaches printing positionshortly after its corresponding index point I94 in the absence ofposition on a record card reaches the analyzing brush; When'a brushencounters a perforation a pulse of current flows through the circuitjust traced energizing'the printer control magnet "and setting theoperating finger to engage the proper type carrier and cause printingimmediately thereafter.

- V Total printing Total which in this case is balance printing iscontrolled by each of the accumulator units through the related pair ofcontacts H5. The contact points are carried by blades insulated fromeach other and are also carried by bracket I50 (Fig. i) These contactsform a break in the total printing circuit which may be closed whenrequired by I a cam 2; (Fig. 9) secured to the adder element I3l The camH6 is equipped with diametrically opposite points 2|'I.which areeffective to engage a finger. 2L8 of an irregular shaped member 2l9shortly after the "nine position of the accumulating element is assumedso as to close contacts H5 at the zero position thereof.

A finger 220 of the member 219 actuatesa push rod 22L which, in turnengages one of the spring blades to close contacts M5.

The push rod-22l is actuated at the zero posi-- hold the printed totalon the accumulating element. These operations will be explained indetail hereinafter.

The total printing operation is initiated by energizing the accumulatorcontrol magnets I26 of all accumulator units from which printing isdesired simultaneously and shortly before the nine type on the drumreaches printing position. This causes all the clutches to engagesimultaneously rotating the accumulating elements and as each of thelatter reaches zero position the printing circuit will be closed asexplained above. This arrangement always selects the type for printingwhich represents the item standing on the accumulating element at thetime the clutches engage. For example, if a certain accumulating element.registers 7 it must turn through its 8 and 9 positions to-reach zero.

carried the 9 and 8 type through printing position and'the 7 type willbe selected as the accumulating element reaches zero.

Total printing with accumulator reset is a bell crank having verticaland horizontal the meanwhile the printing drum has successively I Aspreviously stated all of the accumulator magnets I26 are energizedsimultaneously eifecting the desired clutch connection and turning ofthe accumulating elements l3| at which time a'laterally extending lug221 of the yoke frame I 2| (see Fig. 6) bears directly against a hump229 (Fig. 9) of the arm 223. When the element l3! passes through zerocamprojection 2l'l'rocks the member 2|3 so by its counterclockwisemovement the notch 226 is brought out of engagement with the foot 224.Spring 225 is then immediately effective to shift arm 223 and by itsabutment with the lug 221 the clutch yoke l2l will be shifted todisengage the clutch. The element I3! is thus arrested in its zeroposition and remains there.

Resetting operations are selectively placed under control of a rockshaft 226 (Fig. 11) As best shown in Fig. 9 the horizontal arm 224engages one arm 223 of a bell crank the other arm 236 thereof normallycontacts a plate 23! secured to the rock shaft. In the normal positionof the parts (see Fig. 3) the plate 23! abuts the lever 230 and suchnormal position is maintained by virtue of the cooperation of a roller232 (see Fig. 11) secured to an arm 233 fast to rock shaft .228 with theprofile of a cam 234 secured to a shaft 235. -This shaft rotatessynchronously with the clutch driving element so that upon an initialoperation thereof the rotation of cam 234 in a counterclockwisedirection enables the shaft 226 to be rocked in one direction by asuitable coil spring (not shown) withdrawing plate 23l out ofcooperation with the series of arms 230 of the accumulator units. Thepositioning of the plate 23! to permit the unlatching of the arms 223 isplaced selectively under control of a reset magnet 236 (Fig. 11).

Energization of this magnet causes its armature 231 to be attracted tounlatch a stop plate 238 which is thereupon shifted by its connectedspring 239, which also biases the armature 231, to be withdrawn out ofcooperation with the projecting end 240 of the arm 233. Thereafter, inthe subsequent clockwise rotation of cam 234, the arm 233 will bereleased to assume a position determined by a fixed stop 2. The plate23!, therefore, is positioned away from the arms 230 to permit theunlatching of the tails 224 and notches 226 (as shown in Fig. 9)resulting in the dis-establishment of the clutch connection when theaccumulating elements are at zero.

At the termination of the total printing cycle the cam 234 reengages the.roller 232 to shift the parts to normal shown in Fig. 11. During suchoperation a cam projection 242 engages a gill 243 of stop plate 238relatching the armature The parts remain thus until the reset magnet 236is again energized. The magnet 236 is under control of the total timerand, as will be now explained, plate 23| is permitted to remain in thenormal position permitting the accumulator units to retain their printedtotals.

Total printing without accumulator reset It may be desirable to printtotals standing on the accumulating elements and retain the totals onthe elements after they have been printed. This is accomplished byturning the elements l3! through an angular distance of ten teeth orpoints, thereby in effect first restoring them to zero and immediatelyre-entering the original items. The printing and printing control inthis case is'substantially similar to that described in the precedingtwo sections, that is. the accumulator control magnets are all energizedsimultaneously to efiect clutch engagement shortly before the printingdrum reaches the 9 position and the total contacts 2I5 are closed by themember 2I9 when the accumulator element reaches zero. The printing inthis case is done while the element I3! is in motion and passthe topedge of the stop plate 238. This initial movement is concerned withthe'relatching of of the armature by the plate 238 to give the de-.

sired clearance and whileshaft 228 rocks slightly the plate 23! willstill abut the series of levers 230. By thus holding the bell cranks223-224 it will be observed that the normal latching relation between,the tail of arm 224 and notch 226 is maintained while the cam 2|6 passesthrough zero, that, is, the point 2H will rock the member 2l9counterclockwise to close total contacts 2|5 but since the tail of arm224 will be held during such operation by the plate 23l through thesystem of arms 230, 229 and 224, clutch operating yoke I 2| will beunaffected and the clutch will bemaintained in established or efiectiveposition until the element BI is turned through a distance of ten steps.f

The same cam projection I32 (Fig. 6) serves to disengage the clutchesfor both tabulating and total printing without reset although theaccumulating element need move a maximum distance of only nine toothspaces in the former case and must always move a distance of ten toothspaces in the latter. This is accounted for by the different timing inthe two cases. During tabulating the earliest point in the cycle atwhich the accumulator magnet impulse can occur is when the analyzingbrushes are searching the nine index point position or in other wordsshortly before the nine type on the drum reaches printing position.During total printing without reset. however, while the accumulatormagnet impulse must still be timed before the printing drum reaches thenine position it is timed a full point ahead of the earliest possibletabulating impulse to cause rotation of the accumulating element for tentooth spaces instead of a maximum of nine.

. Subtracting mechanism The above described features are, in general,common to those set forth in the patent to F. M. Carroll, 1,750,459. Anadded feature comprises certain features whereby the accumulator unitsmay beemployed in subtracting operations.

cycle and discontinued at the 9 point would cause an entry of two unitsto the related accumulator wheel.

Subtracting operations are effected by the complemental process basedupon the theory that one 'clutc h' device.

. engages the plate 252 of the armature 25L number may be subtractedfrom the other by the addition of the tens complement of the subtrahend.In manual subtracting operations the complements are mentallycalculated, that is, the operator selects controlling keys which wouldenter the tens complement of the number to be subtracted. In recordcontrolled machines, it is desirable that the perforated data representonly the natural number of an amount to be subtracted as in certaintabulating operation it may-be desirable to employ such cards foraccumulating.

amounts as well. The conversion of the natural numbers to tenscomplements is automatically effected by the present machine.

In the event that the perforation represents a value of two it willberec'og'nized that the fnines complement or seven units must be enteredin the accumulator unit to subtract by the complemental process. Inthepresent machine such operations are taken care of -for all ordersabove the units order by energizing all the accumulator control magnetsat the beginning of the cycle so that the clutch devices willimmediately cause the accumulating element to be turned. Such rotationcommences until a perforation is analyzed causing a deenergization ofthe accumulator control magnet and disestablishment of the As this isthe point at which the clutch device is rendered effective in ordinaryaccumulating' operations it will be understood that the accumulatingelement receives a complemental entry. j

The structural details whereby'the clutch is rendered ineffective atdifferential times coincident with the perforations reaching theanalyzing brushes may .best be understood by reference to Figs. 3 and 4.A subtracting or stop magnet 250 when energized attracts itsrelatedarmature 25] so as to t 40' release a plate 252 secured theretofrom the booked and 253 integral with a bail shaped and pivoted frame254. Abutting the cross memberof the frame 254 is a bent lug 255 of adouble arm v 256 pivoted at its intermediate portion at 25111. A coilspring 258a tends to turn the double arm 256 in a clockwise directionbut is normally prevented from so doing by the latching relationshipbetween elements 252, 253. When such rela-' tionship is discontinued asa result of the energi zation of the magnet 250 the arm 256 is releasedfor movement'by spring 258:: to shift an arm 25! to the right (Fig. 3)This arm is integral with the bail shaped frame which carries the doublearm 256. Articulated to the arm 25'! is a link 258 which as shown inFig. 5 has a hook 259 engaging an extending lug 260 of the clutchoperating yoke I2 I When the link is drawn to the right by the action ofthe spring 258a (which is so proportioned that it is able to overcomethe spring I25) the clutch connection ;I I1, H8 is disestablished. Assuch action occurs when a perforation is analyzed, the nines complementof the value of the perforation is entered in the accumulating the arm256 settles back to its normal position the curved extension 255 willreengage the bail 254. The parts are now in the position shown in Fig. 3in readiness for a subsequent operation.

The above is a description of the mechanical When parts of the apparatusand the operation of the 75 same to perform the intended functions willbe rendered more clear by reference to the wiring diagram in Figs. 15,15a and 15b. Plug connections are shown in connection with the units andtens order it being understood that similar connections are provided forthe higher orders.

Addition or subtraction is controlled by the presence of perforations ina special card column, addition being effected when the "8 index pointis perforated and complemental subtraction controlled by the presence ofthe 9" index point. This special card column is analyzed by the upperbrush designated 215. which is connected to the plug 216 and by ajumperconnection 211 to credit cam contacts 218. -The cam is arranged to closeat the 8 point in the cycle and through the 8 perforation extend thecircuit from the right line 49! through a credit relay magnet 219 andthence by a wire 288 to the other line side 598.

By a similar circuit arrangement the 9 perforation and closure of 9"contacts 28I will cause energization of the debit relay magnet 282.

Thus the perforations may selectively control the energization of debitand credit relay magnets to effect the closure of their respectivecontacts 285 and 283 (see Fig. 15). The preferred form of switch barselecting mechanism is illustrated in Figs. 12, 13 and 14. The creditcontacts 283 are normally retained opened by a push bar 365 abutting abent lug 366 of a swinging lever 366, the lug 366 being latched by aright-angled extension 369 of an armature 318. When the magnet 219 isenergized the attraction of armature 318 causes the lever 368 to beunlatched releasing the rod 365 so that the inherent resiliency of oneof the contact blades closes the contacts 283. Since contacts 283 arenow closed the circuit to the credit switch bar magnet 266 (Fig.. 15)will also be closed.

Similarly the debit switch bar controlling contacts 285 are associatedwith a push rod 311 one end of which abuts a lug 312 of a lever 313pivoted by a screw 314. Due to the normal latching relationship betweenthe lug 312 and an arm 315 of the armature 316 of the debit magnet 282contacts 285 are retained opened. The energization of magnet 282releases the contacts 285 for free closure which results in the closingof the circuit which includes the debit switch bar magnet 386 (Fi 15).

To restore the contacts 283 and 285 to normal latched position a cam 311is provided. The cam has a cut-away portion 318 which when inregistration with a lug 319 of one arm of a bell crank 388 permits aspring 382 to shift the lower arm to the right and by the abutment of alug 383 with the rod 384 the lever 368 will be rocked to latchedposition and similarly contacts 283 opened.

When contacts 285 are unlatched rod 3' is also positioned so that thelug 312 is directly against the lug 383. Now when bell crank 388 isrocked by the spring 382 under control of cam 311 lever 313 will beshifted to latched position and contacts 285 opened.

Assuming that a credit card passes the upper brushes the sensing of an8" index point will cause credit magnet 219 to be energized and closureof contacts 283. This will result in energization of the credit switchbar magnet 286. As

previously stated such action prepares for shifting of the credit switchbar 281 prior to the analyzing of the card perforations. The jackmagnets 288 and 386 are adapted to be energized, and energization of oneof them during one machine cycle causes a one revolution clutch toengage at units order, and thence to the right line side 491 apredetermined point in the next cycle. The timing is so arranged that ifthe magnets are energized during one machine cycle the clutches willengage to move the credit switchbar 281 or debit switch bar 381 duringthe entering portion of the 6 next machine cycle, in the same mannerset'forth for the class selection switch bars A and B of the machinedisclosed in the Carroll Patent 1,821,089, dated September 1, 1931. Asthe card with a perforation reaches the lower brushes the analyzingoperation ensues. If the units column of a credit card contains an 8perforation a circuit will be established from the left line side 498 byconnections to be later described through the units brush 288, wire 288,jumper 289, credit switch bar contacts 298, wires 2! and 292, jumper293, through the'adding switchbar contacts 294 (now closed) of an addingswitch bar 368,"wire 286 which leads to the accumulator magnet 126 ofthe by wire 291.

Digressing, the energization of accumulator magnet I26 will effect thedriving connection to the units accumulating wheel 13! which will turnat the 8 point until the end of the adding cycle effecting the additionof an eight thereto.

Addition in the tens columnis performed similarly by the connections nowto be outlined. From the tens brush 298, wire 289, jumper 388, creditswitch bar contact 381, wire 382, jumper 383, adding bar switch contact384, wire 385 to the tens accumulator magnet 126. A similar set ofconnections may be effected for higher orders to effect addition'of anumber of greater denominational orders.

Subtraction as premised hereinbefore is accomplished by the complementalprocess. In the event that a number 28 stands on the accumulator and itis required to subtract the amount 14 it will be necessary to add thetens complement or "986 which, by addition, will give 014 as the result.In the present instance the number to be subtracted ispunched on thecontrolling card as a natural or direct number and the addition of thetens complement is automatically effected.

The card with the debit index point 9 in the special column passes theupper brushes and causes energization of magnet 282, closure of debitcontacts 285, and energization of debit switch bar magnet 386. This, aspremised before, effects the shifting of debit switch bar 381 closingcertain contacts now to be described.

The principle of operation requires that the clutch connection to theaccumulating wheel be established at the beginning of the cycle anddisestablished when the index point perforation encounters the analyzingbrush. In the case of subtracting 4 in the example given, such operationwould merely effect the addition of 5 units or the nines complement andgive a result of a unit short. For this reason, the units magnet I26 isenergized a point earlier than the magnets'of higher order to effect theaddition of the felusive one.

By wire 288, a circuit is established through a switch 388 when closed,to cam controlled contacts 389. These contacts are timed to close at apoint before the usual time that addition is commenced. From contacts389 a line 318 extends to a. blade 3 of the debit switch bar 381 and bya contact blade 3l2 of the debit switch bar 381 and by the previouslymentioned jumper wire 293 a circuit is extended to the unitsaccumulator. magnet I 28. Addition then ensues until the 34? perforationis reached in the analyzing cycle.

A- circuit from the left side of the line is then 75 completed throughunits brush 288, Jumper 289, a jumper 3I4, debit switch bar contactblade 3I6 now closed, wires 8I6 and 3", debit switch bar contact blade3I8, now closed; Jumper wire 3I9 tb the units stop magnet 288 and thenceto the right line side. When stop magnet 258 is energized the clutchconnection is dis-established at a time when a 6 has been added to theunits wheel which will now stand at 4" being the addition of eight andsix.

With the exception that for the higher orders the accumulator magnetsI26 are simultaneously energized at a point later, or at the usual timefor initiating addition, the operation is substantially the same. Thesemagnets are energized by the line 288 (Fig. 15) which extends throughcam contacts 328 to the line 32I (Fig. 15a.) This line is connected tothe movable switch blades 322 of higher order of the debit switch bar381, and of these the circuit for the tens" extends by the previouslymentionedjumper 383 to the tens accumulator magnet I26. Addition ensuesfrom the beginning of the cycle to the time the 1" perforation of thetens column is reached. From the tens brush the circuit extends byjumper 388, jumper 323, debit switch bar blade 324,wires 325 and 326,-debit switch bar blade 321, jumper 328 and thence by wire 329 to the"tens stop magnet 258.

It is pointed in columns above the units order where there are noperforations a nine will be entered since addition for those orderscommences at the beginning of the cycle and ends at the terminationthereof. For the units a turning of ten steps will be eifected when noperforation is present. By the provision of the transfer mechanismtransfers will be effected across when the result is positive as is wellknown in the process of subtraction by complemental addition. In the.present instance the addition of 014 and 986 will give theresult of 014which is equivalent to 28- 14.

Means for deriving debit and credit balances as positive results Whilesuch process of subtraction is entirely satisfactory when a positivecondition of the accumulator obtains it is not wholly so when a negativecondition is encountered. Such negative conditions when the previouslydescribed arrangement is used will give the printing of negative resultsin a complementary form which is very unsatisfactory.

For the purpose ofgiving either a positive or negative balance as a trueor positive number two balance accumulators are provided, the lower one(Fig. 15a) for obtaining a credit balance if it shows a balance as apositive number and the second for a debit balance if it shows a.balance as a positive number. a

As a credit card passes through the machine the natural numberrepresented thereon is added in the credit balance accumulator and thetens complement thereof is added in the debit balance accumulator.Conversely, if a debit card passes through the machine the naturalnumber represented thereon is added in the debit balance accumulator andthe tens complement of the natural number is added in the debit balanceaccumulator. It has previously been shown how a credit card controls theaddition in the credit I balance accumulator of the natural number rep-The debit balance accumulator and the credit balance accumulator areshown for the purpose oi illustration only as having three orders butmay be provided with as many orders as is found necessary. It will beremembered that the credit switch bar 281 is shifted when a naturalnumber is entered in the credit balance accumulator. The connectionswhereby the switch bar 281 causes the addition of the tens complement tothe debit balance accumulator is as follows: For the units, theieedingline '3'I8, closed one point ahead of the normal nine index point, isextended by credit bar switch blade 338, jumper wire 33I, adding switchbar blade 332 and line wire 333 to the units adding magnet I26 01' thedebit balance accumulator. When a perforation is reached the circuit tothe units stop magnet 258 of the debit' wire 299, jumper 388, credit barswitch blade 38I,

wire 34I, credit switch bar blade 345, Jumper 342, and wire 343 whichleads to the tens debit balance accumulator stop magnet 258. The aboveconnections will result. in the addition of a natural number in thecredit balance accumulator and a. tens complement in the debit balanceaccumulator.

There will now be briefly described the manner in which a debit naturalnumber is entered in the debit balance accumulator when the card is adebit" card in which case the debit switch bar 381 is shifted. As aperforation reaches the units brush 288,the circuit extends through thisbrush, jumper 289, jumper 3I4, debit bar switch blade 3I, wire 3I6, wire344, jumper 33I, adding bar switch blade 332 and wire 333 to the unitsdebit accumulator adding magnet I26. For the "tens the circuit extendsfrom the tens brush 298, wire 298, jumper 388, jumper 323, debit switchbar blade 32 4, wire 325, wire 346, jumper wire 339, adding bar switchblade 348 which leads to the tens adding magnet I26 of the debit balanceaccumulator.

The results accomplished by the above arrangements are clearly perceivedin Fig. 16. The initial entry is a credit of 9430 represented as'anatural number in the credit balance accumulator and as a tenscomplement in the debit balance accumulator. The next entry consists ofthe addition of 671 in the credit balance accumulator and the tenscomplement thereof in the debit balance accumulator. At this point adebit card is passed through the machine, and this eflects an additionof 10234 as a natural number totlie debit balance accumulator and thetens complement thereof to the credit balance accumulator. As 10284exceeds the sum of the credits 9430 and 671, the credit balanceaccumulator at this point would be negative and represent the balance asa tens complement but the true number would be exhibited on the debitbalance accumulator.

As the operation continues for the adding and

